The Reactions to the First Recorded Pauline Sermon
Acts 13:42-52
42 And
when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue, the Gentiles besought that these
words might be preached to them the next sabbath. 43 Now when the
congregation was broken up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed
Paul and Barnabas: who, speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the
grace of God. 44 And the next sabbath day came almost the whole city
together to hear the word of God. 45 But when the Jews saw the
multitudes, they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which
were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming. 46 Then Paul and
Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should
first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge
yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles. 47
For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the
Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth. 48
And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the
Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed. 49 And
the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region. 50 But
the Jews stirred up the devout and honourable women, and the chief men of the
city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out
of their coasts. 51
But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium. 52
And the disciples were filled with joy, and with the Holy Ghost.
Introduction:
We have considered previously the setting and the content
of the first recorded Pauline sermon in the Acts of the Ascended Christ by His
Holy Spirit through His Apostles. We
have observed how the Gospel was preached in the synagogue in Pisidian Antioch
by Paul with purposeful historical exposition, with pointed prophetic
connections, and with powerful personal applications. Now the effects of this sermon will
reverberate through the various groups who heard it and through them will
impact the entire city.
Outline:
1. The Gentile
Invitation (13:42)
2. The Jewish
Followup (13:43)
3. The Following
Sabbath (13:44)
4. The Jewish
Opposition (13:45)
5. The Missionary
Rebuke (13:46-47)
6. The Gentile
Response (13:48-49)
7. The Pattern
Repeated (13:50-52)
Transition: Notice throughtout this
passage the cause and effect relationship at each juncture. Notice also the movement, the developments
leading to and from a moment of climax, the turning point of this passage
narrating the various reactions to the synagogue sermon and the subsequent
Scriptural persuasion.
1. The Gentile
Invitation (13:42) [1] - The
Hunger for the Word
And when the Jews were gone out of the
synagogue, the Gentiles besought that these words might be preached to them the
next sabbath. [2]
This has to do with the Gentiles, those referred to
previously as “God-fearers”, and sets up what will happen in one week’s time.
Here were people who were hungry for the preaching of the
Word of God. Such hunger seems to be out
of style in our day, at least in modern America. It may still be found on other continents
where they have not been spoiled with a glut of Biblical blessings, and generations
of Gospel gold. Some are starving for the solid steaks of the Word, while many
are satisfied with spoon fulls of milky pablum.
2. The Jewish
Followup (13:43) - The Persuasion to Persevere
Now when the congregation was broken
up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who,
speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God.
There is a distinction between the proselytes referred to
here, and the “God-fearers” mentioned in the sermon in vv. 13 and 26. These had been circumcised, and been accepted
as “full converts to Judaism”: “Among
these were both Jews and “devout converts.” The latter were undoubtedly
proselytes, Gentiles who had become full converts to Judaism. Other Gentiles in
the congregation had believed in and worshiped God but had not yet undergone
the rites like circumcision, which would qualify them as converts (cf. vv. 16,
26)." [3]
This has to do with a significant number of Jews and
Gentile converts to Judaism, and what took place during the week that
intervened between the two sabbaths.
Consider what is meant by this persuasion of the
followers to “continue in the grace of God”!
Acts 11:23 - Who, when he came, and had
seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of
heart they would cleave unto the Lord.
Titus 2:11 - For the grace of God that
bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men,
Heb. 12:15 - Looking diligently lest any
man fail of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing
up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled;
1 Pet. 5:12 - By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have
written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein ye stand.
Jude 4 - For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of
old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.
Jude 21 - Keep yourselves in the love
of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ
unto eternal life.
3. The
Following Sabbath (13:44) - The Opportunity to Hear
And the next sabbath day came almost
the whole city together to hear the word of God.
Notice the development from the Gentiles to the Jews and proselytes
and now to the entire city for all practical purposes.
It wasn’t that long ago in our nation when events like
this happened. In the Great Awakening
during the ministries of Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Asahel Nettleton,
and others it was not uncommon for entire communities to be motivated to hear
the preaching of the Word of God, and for multitudes to be moved by the Gospel
to repentance and faith.
4. The Jewish
Opposition (13:45) - The Evil of Envy
But when the Jews saw the multitudes,
they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by
Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.
1) The Source of
the Envy
2) The Extent of
the Envy
3) The Focus of
the Envy
4) The Product of
the Envy
1) The Source of the Envy
But when the Jews saw the multitudes
2) The Extent of the Envy
they were filled with envy,
3) The Focus of the Envy
those things which were spoken by Paul,
4) The Product of the Envy
and spake against….contradicting and
blaspheming.
5. The Missionary
Rebuke (13:46-47) [4] - The Light
of Life
46 Then
Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God
should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge
yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles. 47 For so hath the Lord commanded
us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest
be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.
1) The Duty of the
Missionaries Discharged (13:46a-c)
2) The Judgment of
the Jews Finalized (13:46d-f)
3) The Movement to
the Nations Commanded (13:47)
1) The Duty of the Missionaries Discharged
(13:46a-c)
Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and
said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to
you:
Observe: The primacy
of preaching the Word of God
2) The Judgment of the Jews Finalized (13:46d-f)
but seeing ye put it from you, and
judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life,
lo, we turn to the Gentiles.
Observe: The
danger of denying the Word of God
Contemplate the awfulness of the phrase: “unworthy of
everlasting life”!
Mt. 21:43 - Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from
you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof.
Mt. 22:8 - Then saith he to his servants, The wedding is ready, but they
which were bidden were not worthy.
Acts 18:6 - And
when they opposed themselves, and blasphemed, he shook his raiment, and
said unto them, Your blood be upon your own heads; I am clean: from henceforth I
will go unto the Gentiles.
Acts 19:9 - But when divers were hardened, and
believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from
them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one
Tyrannus.
Acts 22:21 - And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send
thee far hence unto the Gentiles.
Acts 26:17-20 - 17 Delivering thee
from the people, and from the
Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, 18 To open their
eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that
they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are
sanctified by faith that is in me. 19 Whereupon, O king
Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision:
20 But
shewed first unto them of Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the
coasts of Judaea, and then to the
Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for
repentance.
Acts 28:28 - Be it
known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles, and that
they will hear it.
Rom. 1:16 - For I am not ashamed of the
gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that
believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
Dt. 32:21 - They
have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked
me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those
which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
Is. 55:5 - Behold,
thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and nations that
knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the LORD thy God, and for the Holy
One of Israel; for he hath glorified thee.
Rom. 10:19 - But I say, Did not Israel know? First
Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and
by a foolish nation I will anger you.
3) The Movement to the Nations Commanded (13:47)
For so hath the Lord commanded us,
saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles,
that thou shouldest be for salvation
unto the ends of the earth.
Observe: The motive
of ministering the Word of God - illumination, salvation, and creation
Is. 42:6 - I the LORD have called thee
in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee
for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles;
Is. 49:6 - And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant
to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will
also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation
unto the end of the earth.
Lk. 2:32 - A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people
Israel.
6. The Gentile
Response (13:48-49) - The Success of the Sovereign
48 And
when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the
Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed. 49 And
the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region.
John Pollock - “He did not mind being spattered with
verbal filth. He could stomach even the
blasphemies hurled at his Lord. But he
was not going to be muzzled. Gentiles
and Jews wanted to hear the message and no blind self-satisfied Jewish elder
should hinder them.” [5]
The response of the Gentiles now becomes the focus of
events spinning off of this second sabbath ministry in Pisidian Antioch.
1) Glad Gentiles
Gloryifying the Word of the Lord (13:48a-c)
2) Elect Gentiles
Believing the Word of the Lord (13:48d)
3) Instructed
Gentiles Publishing the Word of the Lord (13:49)
1) Glad Gentiles Gloryifying the Word of
the Lord (13:48a-c)
And when the Gentiles heard this, they
were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord:
2) Elect Gentiles Believing the Word of
the Lord (13:48d)
and as many as were ordained to eternal
life believed.
The sovereignty of the grace of God is denied by many who
get their theological cart before the horse in basing God’s eternal election on
man’s temporal response, rather than the other way around as is clearly laid
out in this verse and elsewhere in the Scriptures. There is no contingency in the mind of God,
and He only foresees what He ordains, not vice versa.
Their end is ordained. The means to that end are not in
doubt. This, as with all other aspects
of their salvation, is the work of God.
God does the saving. God provides whatever is necessary to bring them to
the glorious end that He has ordained for them.
Acts 2:47 - Praising God, and having favour with all the people. And the Lord
added to the church daily such as should be saved.
Acts 18:24-28 - 24
And
a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to
Ephesus. 25 This man was instructed in the way of the
Lord; and being fervent in the spirit, he spake and taught diligently the
things of the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John.
26 And
he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila and Priscilla had
heard, they took him unto them, and
expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly. 27 And when he was
disposed to pass into Achaia, the brethren wrote, exhorting the disciples to
receive him: who, when he was come, helped them much which had believed through grace: 28 For he mightily
convinced the Jews, and that
publickly, shewing by the scriptures that Jesus was Christ.
Rom. 8:28-30 - 28
And
we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them
who are the called according to his
purpose. 29 For whom he did foreknow, he also did
predestinate to be conformed to the
image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.
30 Moreover
whom he did predestinate, them he also called: and whom he called, them he also
justified: and whom he justified, them he also glorified.
Eph. 1:4-5 - 4 According as he
hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be
holy and without blame before him in love: 5 Having
predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself,
according to the good pleasure of his will,
Eph. 1:11 - In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated
according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his
own will:
3) Instructed Gentiles Publishing the Word
of the Lord (13:49)
And the word of the Lord was published
throughout all the region.
7. The Pattern
Repeated (13:50-52) - The Powerlessness of the Politicians
50 But
the Jews stirred up the devout and honourable women, and the chief men of the
city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out
of their coasts.
51
But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium. 52 And the disciples were filled with
joy, and with the Holy Ghost.
1) Provocation,
Politics and Persecution (13:50)
2) The Savor of
Death, and the Savor of Life (13:51-52)
1) Provocation, Politics and Persecution (13:50)
But the Jews stirred up the devout and
honourable women, and the chief men of the city,
and raised persecution against Paul and
Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts.
“In Antioch in Pisidia, it is to be noted, that it was the
honourable women who allowed themselves to be degraded as the instruments of
persecution against Paul and Barnabas.” [6]
What did they hope to accomplish?
What did they actually accomplish?
2) The
Savor of Death, and the Savor of Life (13:51-52)
51 But
they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium.
52 And
the disciples were filled with joy, and with the Holy Ghost.
When we consider in these words the impact of persecution
and political opposition we are confronted with two very dissimilar
repercussions:
(1) The negative impact (13:51) - Dust shaken off
(2) The positive impact (13:52) - Disciples spiritually
filled
2 Cor. 2:14-16 - 14 Now thanks be unto God, which always causeth us to
triumph in Christ, and maketh manifest the savour of his knowledge by us in
every place. 15 For we are unto God a sweet savour of
Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish:
16 To
the one we are the savour of death
unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things?
17 For
we are not as many, which corrupt the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as
of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ.
Mt. 10:14 - And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when
ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet.
Mk. 6:11 - And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye
depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them.
Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in the
day of judgment, than for that city.
Lk. 9:5 - And whosoever will not receive you, when ye go out of that city,
shake off the very dust from your feet for a testimony against them.
Acts 18:6 - And
when they opposed themselves, and blasphemed, he shook his raiment, and
said unto them, Your blood be upon your own heads; I am clean:
from henceforth I will go unto the Gentiles.
Acts 14:1 - And it came to pass in Iconium, that they went both together into
the synagogue of the Jews, and so spake, that a great multitude both of the
Jews and also of the Greeks believed.
Acts 14:19 - And
there came thither certain Jews from Antioch and Iconium, who persuaded
the people, and, having stoned Paul, drew him out of the city, supposing
he had been dead.
Acts 14:21 - And
when they had preached the gospel to that city, and had taught many, they
returned again to Lystra, and to Iconium, and Antioch,
2 Tim. 3:11 - Persecutions,
afflictions, which came unto me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra; what
persecutions I endured: but out of them all the Lord delivered me.
Conclusion:
“The Gentiles shall not have the door of hope shut in
their faces.…the rabbis cannot undo what Christ has done for the Gentiles at
Antioch.” [7]
1. The Gentile
Invitation (13:42)
2. The Jewish
Followup (13:43)
3. The Following
Sabbath (13:44)
4. The Jewish
Opposition (13:45)
1) The Source of the Envy
2) The Extent of the Envy
3) The Focus of the Envy
4) The Product of the Envy
5. The Missionary
Rebuke (13:46-47)
1) The Duty of the Missionaries Discharged
(13:46a-c)
2) The Judgment of the Jews Finalized (13:46d-f)
3) The Movement to the Nations Commanded (13:47)
6. The Gentile
Response (13:48-49)
1) Glad Gentiles Gloryifying the Word of the
Lord (13:48a-c)
2) Elect Gentiles Believing the Word of the Lord
(13:48d)
3) Instructed Gentiles Publishing the Word of
the Lord (13:49)
7. The Pattern
Repeated (13:50-52)
1) Provocation, Politics and Persecution (13:50)
2) The Savor of Death, and the Savor of Life
(13:51-52)
2 Cor. 2:14-16 - 14 Now thanks be unto God, which always causeth us to
triumph in Christ, and maketh manifest the savour of his knowledge by us in every
place. 15 For we are unto God a sweet savour of
Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish:
16 To
the one we are the savour of death
unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things?
17 For
we are not as many, which corrupt the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as
of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ.
[Sermon preached 1
JUN 2014 by Pastor John T. “Jack” Jeffery at Wayside Gospel Chapel, Greentown,
PA.]
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James Stalker, The Life of St. Paul, (Edinburgh:
T. & T. Clark, 1885; rev. ed. 2010 by Kessinger Publishing from 1912 ed.);
on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=vT0HAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[accessed 7 FEB 2013].
James Ironside Still, St. Paul on Trial (London:
Student Christian Movement, 1923).
Acts 13:42
Textual Comparison:
Byzantine
|
Majority
and TR
|
Nestle-Aland
|
Ἐξιόντων δὲ
ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων,
παρεκάλουν
τὰ ἔθνη
εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον λαληθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὰ ῥήματα.N
|
Ἐξιόντων δὲ
ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων,5 παρεκάλουν
❏τὰ ἔθνη✓
εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ σάββατον λαληθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα.6
|
Ἐξιόντων δὲ
αὐτῶν
παρεκάλουν
εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ
σάββατον λαληθῆναι αὐτοῖς τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα.
|
Acts 13:42
Translation
Comparison
Trans
|
Acts 13:42
|
KJV
|
And when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue,
the Gentiles besought that these words might be preached
to them the next sabbath.
|
NASB
|
As Paul and Barnabas were going out,
the people kept begging that these things might be spoken
to them the next Sabbath.
|
ESV
|
As they went out,
the people begged that these things might be told them the
next Sabbath.
|
HCSB
|
As they were
leaving,
the people begged
that these matters be presented to them the following Sabbath.
|
NIV
|
As Paul and Barnabas were leaving the synagogue,
the people invited them to speak further about these
things on the next Sabbath.
|
NLT
|
As Paul and Barnabas left the synagogue that day,
the people begged them to speak about these things again
the next week.
|
[1] On the reactions to this
sermon see Alva J. McClain, The Greatness of the Kingdom: An Inductive Study
of the Kingdom of God (Winona Lake, IN: BMH Books, 1959), pp. 416-418.
[2] There is a textual and translation issue in this
verse that is evident when comparing modern translations. See the textual and translation comparisons
appended following the bibliographies at the end of the sermon notes.
[3] John B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26 in The New American Commentary, gen. ed.
David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, Publishers, 1992), pg.
308.
[4] “Paul understood his
ministry in terms of the “servant of the Lord” of Isaiah (Is. 42:1-9; 49:1-6;
50:4-11; 52:13-53:12)….When Paul portrays himself as the servant of the Lord,
he is not arrogating to himself the same position as he ascribes to Jesus.
Nevertheless, since he is “in Christ” and commissioned as an apostle, he plays
a servant role as well. Even in Isaiah, the servant is identified with the
prophet Isaiah and yet transcends Isaiah.
Similarly, Paul is the servant of the Lord, and yet the servant of the
Lord transcends Paul and reaches its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus himself.” Thomas
R. Schreiner, Paul, Apostle of God's Glory in Christ: A Pauline Theology
(Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2001), pg. 47. “That Paul saw himself as the
servant is confirmed by Acts 13:47….In the Old Testament context this role
belongs to the servant, but Paul now perceives his ministry in this
light…confirmed by Romans 10:16….signalling that Isaiah’s prophecy is being
fulfilled in his ministry.” Schreiner, op. cit., pg. 48.
[5] John Pollock, The Apostle: A Life of Paul, 3rd
ed. (Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 1969, 2012); also published as The Man
Who Shook the World (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1972; originally The Apostle: A Life of Paul, New York:
Doubleday, 1969), pg. 59.
[6] Adolf Deissmann, Paul: A Study in Social and
Religious History, 2nd ed., trans. William E. Wilson (New York: Harper
Torchbooks, n.d.), pg. 244.
[7] A. T. Robertson, Epochs in the Life of Paul: A
Study of Development in Paul's Character (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House,
1974), pg. 116.
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