Verse of the Day

Friday, September 9, 2016

Pastor's Sermon Notes: Ecclesiastes (series), #38 - Years to Rejoice — Days to Remember (Ecclesiastes 11:7-8)

Series: Ecclesiastes
Sermon #38: 
Years to Rejoice — Days to Remember
Ecclesiastes 11:7-8


[Audio file from Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/Ecclesiastes117-8.]

7 Truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun: 8 But if a man live many years, and rejoice in them all; yet let him remember the days of darkness; for they shall be many. All that cometh is vanity.

Outline:

I. Years to Rejoice (11:7)
II. Days to Remember (11:8)

I. Years to Rejoice (11:7)

Truly the light is sweet,
and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun:

The emphasis here is on the modifying adjectives: “…sweet….pleasant…”

“sweet”[1] trans. “pleasant” by NASB
“pleasant”[2] trans. “good” by NASB and YLT
          
“1268c      מָתוֹק (mātôq) sweet, sweetness.
           1268d      מַמְתַּקִּים (mamtaqqîm) sweetness (Neh 8:10: Song 5:16).

A stative verb (on the pattern of qāṭōn “be small”) appearing eight times in the OT, all in the Qal stem except for Job 20:12, “If evil gives a sweet taste in his mouth” and Ps 55:14 [H 15], “We used to take sweet counsel together.” Both are Hiphil.
The precise definition of this root is seen in its frequent juxtaposition, for purposes of contrast. to one of the Hebrew words for honey or honeycomb. something quite palatable. Thus Ps 19:10 [H 11] asserts God’s judgments are “sweeter than honey (dĕbaš) and the honey that drips from the comb (nōpet ṣûpîm).” A similar idea is expressed in Ps 119:103, although the word there for “sweet” is the verb mālaṣ “he smooth, agreeable.” In response to Samson’s riddle the people say, “What is sweeter than honey?” Ezekiel (3:3) says God’s word was to him “as honey for sweetness” (cf. Rev 10:10). Kindred ideas are found in Prov 16:24; 24:13.
It should be recalled that honey (dĕbaš) in the OT not only refers to bee’s honey but also to date syrup. There are at least two references, however, to bee’s honey: (1) Samson in Jud 14:8ff.: (2) Jonathan in I Sam 14:24–30. Along with leaven it was banned in the burnt offering (Lev 2:11). Naturally, its quality of sweetness caused it to be used figuratively for gracious and pleasant things including God’s Word (Ps 19:10 [H 11]), the wisdom of the Torah (Prov 24:13), and the speech of a friend (Prov 16:24).
Waters also might be sweet (Ex 15:25; Prov 9:17): the lack of insomnia (Eccl 5:12 [H 11]); the fruit of an apple tree (Song 2:3); the light of day (Eccl 7:11).”
— V. P. Hamilton, “1268 מָתֹק,” in Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, eds. R. L. Harris, G. L. Archer Jr., and B. K. Waltke (Chicago: Moody, (1999), pp. 537-538.

Note: You cannot really “behold the sun.” It is not literally “a pleasant thing…for the eyes to behold the sun.” That is because you cannot look directly at the sun without doing damage to your eyes.

“Never look directly at the sun. Looking directly at the sun at any time, including during an eclipse, can lead to solar retinopathy, which is damage to the eye's retina from solar radiation.”
— David Turbert, “The Sun, UV Radiation and Your Eyes” (28 AUG 2014), on American Academy of Ophthalmology at http://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/sun [accessed 5 AUG 2016].

That being the case, what is the point? It is actually the light of day, lightened by the sun, that is being described as pleasant, just as the initial clause simply describes light as sweet. It is sunlight that is here presented as a pleasant sight for the eyes. Sunshine and sunny days are sweet compared to the alternatives.

Eccl. 6:1-6 — 1 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men: 2 A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease. 3 If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he. 4 For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness. 5 Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other. 6 Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place?

Eccl. 7:11 — Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to them that see the sun.

******************************************************************************
Jackie Gleason, “How sweet it is!”

James Bacon, How Sweet It Is: The Jackie Gleason Story (St. Martins, 1986).

“In 1962, he resurrected his variety show. He also added another catchphrase to the American vernacular: "How sweet it is!" (he first uttered the phrase in the 1962 film Papa's Delicate Condition).
Since the Honeymooners was much ealier [sic] than that (51-55) it safe to say he never used the line on that show.
He was also fond of saying AND AWAY WE GO
It's carved on his grave.”

******************************************************************************

 “Sunny days keepin' the clouds away
I think we're coming to a clearing and a brighter day
So far away. Still I think they say
The wait will make the heart grow stronger or fonder”
— Jars of Clay, “Sunny Days;” written by Charlie Lowell, Dan Haseltine, Matt Odmark, Stephen Daniel Mason (Universal Music Publishing Group, 2003); on Google Play Music at https://play.google.com/music/preview/T5mkyq4ygulvxnkz6e67unsqzyu?lyrics=1&pcampaignid=kp-lyrics&u=0# [accessed 5 AUG 2016].

II. Days to Remember (11:8)

But if a man live many years,
and rejoice in them all;
yet let him remember the days of darkness;
for they shall be many.
All that cometh is vanity.

The emphasis in this verse may lie in the repetition of “many”: “…many years….they shall be many…”

Many years of life including many days of darkness.

“Good Times, Bad Times, you know I've had my share”
— “Good Times, Bad Times,” by Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham (1969); on Led Zeppelin (1969); see AZ Lyrics at http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ledzeppelin/goodtimesbadtimes.html [accessed 5 AUG 2016]; and Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Times_Bad_Times [accessed 5 AUG 2016].

Why are we not counseled by God in His Word to remember the good times?

Or, to put it another way:
Why is the injunction to “remember the days of darkness”?

Many seem to assume that this is a call to contemplate the death that awaits us in the future.

E.g., Tremper Longman III, The Book of Ecclesiastes, New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998), pg. 260; cited by Philip Graham Ryken, Ecclesiastes: Why Everything Matters, in Preaching the Word, gen. ed. R. Kent Hughes (Wheaton: Crossway, 2010):

“Some commentators think the Preacher is confused here, that he is “giving the contradictory advice that his reader should both enjoy life but also remember that he is going to die.” This is not confusion but clarity.”

For examples, see the following comments and notes:

“In the first part (11:7–8) Solomon called for enjoyment of life in view of the darkness of death.”
“Solomon wrote metaphorically of light and darkness as figures of life (cf. Job 3:20; 33:30) and death (cf. Ecc. 6:4–5; Job 10:20–22; 18:18)….Solomon encouraged his readers to enjoy life as long as they live because life, like the pleasant light of the sun, should be enjoyed before the coming of the dark night of death which will last forever. The words, the days of darkness … will be many, is an intentional understatement (cf. 12:5 where the grave is called one’s “eternal home”; also cf. Job 7:9; 14:10–12).”
Donald R. Glenn, “Ecclesiastes,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, eds. J. F. Walvoord, and R. B. Zuck, 2 vols. (Wheaton, IL: Victor, 1985), I:1003.

“I. He applies himself to the aged, writes to them as fathers, to awaken them to think of death, v. 7, 8.”
“2. A caution to think of death, even in the midst of life, and of life when it is most sweet and we are most apt to forget death…” But who are those that live many years and rejoice in them all? Alas! none; we have but hours of joy for months of sorrow.”
“Note, [1.] There are days of darkness coming, the days of our lying in the grave; there the body will lie in the dark; there the eyes see not, the sun shines not. The darkness of death is opposed to the light of life; the grave is a land of darkness, Job 10:21. [2.] Those days of darkness will be many; the days of our lying under ground will be more than the days of our living above ground.”
— Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary On The Whole Bible: Complete And Unabridged In One Volume (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994), pg. 1053.

“light…darkness refers to the contrast between life and death.”
ESV Study Bible (Wheaton: Crossway, 2008), pg. 1208, note on Eccl. 11:7-8.

This is understandable, but wrong. In some contexts “darkness” certainly would be interpreted as signifying death. Remember Eccl. 6:1-6 —

1 There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men: 2 A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease. 3 If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he. 4 For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness. 5 Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other. 6 Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place?

Ps. 23:4 — Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

Job 10:22 — Before I go whence I shall not return, even to the land of darkness and the shadow of death;

Job 15:23 — He wandereth abroad for bread, saying, Where is it?  he knoweth that the day of darkness is ready at his hand.

Jer. 13:16 — Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.

The Day of the Lord:

Joel 2:1-2 — 1 Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: let all the inhabitants of the land tremble: for the day of the LORD cometh, for it is nigh at hand;
2 A day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness, as the morning spread upon the mountains: a great people and a strong; there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the years of many generations.

But not here! No! Consider the context!

1) years vs. days

2) singular vs. plural

3) light vs. darkness

4) Remember what is past vs. consider what is future

Perhaps the answer to this question is only possible if we correctly understand the answer to another related question.

What are “days of darkness”?

What are “days of darkness” when considered “under the sun”?

What are “days of darkness” when considered “under heaven”?

Now let us ask the question again:

Why are we not counseled by God in His Word to remember the good times?

Or, to put it another way: Why is the injunction to “remember the days of darkness”?

Eccl. 7:14 — In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him.

John MacArthur gets it!

 “11:7 light. Good times in contrast to “darkness” (v. 8), meaning bad times. Cf. 12:1.”
— John MacArthur, MacArthur Study Bible, rev. ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1997), pg. 938, note on Eccl. 11:7.

Philip Ryken gets it also:

“…we will taste what is bitter in life as well as what is sweet. Sooner or later we will suffer loss, disappointment, injustice, and grief.”
“Ecclesiastes give us a realistic view of life that is joyful about its happy pleasures while at the same time sober about its many sorrows. The book steadfastly refuses to show us anything less than the whole of life as it actually is.”
— Philip Graham Ryken, Ecclesiastes: Why Everything Matters, in Preaching the Word, gen. ed. R. Kent Hughes (Wheaton: Crossway, 2010).

Trace the theme of joy and enjoyment throughout Qoheleth’s book! Also notice where we are counseled to “remember”!

Eccl. 2:22-26 —22 For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun? 23 For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taketh not rest in the night.  This is also vanity. 24 There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour.  This also I saw, that it was from the hand of God. 25 For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I? 26 For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God.  This also is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Eccl. 7:14 — In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him.

Eccl. 9:7 — Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works.

Eccl. 12:1-7 — 1 Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them; 2 While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain: 3 In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened, 4 And the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of musick shall be brought low; 5 Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: 6 Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern. 7 Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.

"....Joseph's extreme sufferings were not immediately alleviated. The Lord purposely suffered him to be reduced to extremity, that he might bring him back as from the grave. We know that as the light of the sun is most clearly seen when we are looking from a dark place; so, in the darkness of our miseries, the grace of God shines more brightly when, beyond expectation, he succors us."
— John Calvin, Commentaries on the First Book of Moses Called Genesis, 2 vols., trans. John King, s.v. Gen. 39:21; on Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom02.xvii.i.html [accessed 9 SEP 2016]; and on Christianity.com at http://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=clvn&b=1&c=39 [accessed 9 SEP 2016].

[Sermon preached 7 AUG 2016 by Pastor John T. “Jack” Jeffery at Wayside Gospel Chapel, Greentown, PA.]

Complete Outline:

I. Years to Rejoice (11:7)
II. Days to Remember (11:8)

Select Sources on Ecclesiastes:

J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore The Book: A Basic and Broadly Interpretive Course of Bible Study from Genesis to Revelation, 6 vols. in 1 ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, n.d., 1960 printing).

William D. Barrick, Ecclesiastes: The Philippians of the Old Testament, Focus on the Bible series (Fearn, Ross-Shire, Scotland: Christian Focus, 2012). Barrick’s lecture notes (PDF files) and audio (mp3) are on Dr Barrick at http://drbarrick.org/teaching/ecclesiastes/ [accessed 3 FEB 2016].

Charles Bridges, An Exposition of the Book of Ecclesiastes (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1860); on Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/expositionofbook00bridrich [accessed 11 MAY 2015]; on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=e4kOAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 11 MAY 2015]; and linked on Precept Austin at http://preceptaustin.org/proverbs_commentaries.htm#cb [accessed 11 MAY 2015].

C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books: The Wisdom and Songs of Israel (Chicago: Moody Press, 1979).

Franz Delitzsch, “Commentary on The Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes,” trans. M. G. Easton, in Commentary on the Old Testament in Ten Volumes, C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Vol. VI: Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon: Three Volumes in One (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., n.d., 1975 reprint), III:179-442.

Michael A. Eaton, Ecclesiastes: An Introduction and Commentary, Vol. 16, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity, 1983).

ESV Study Bible (Wheaton: Crossway, 2008).

Sinclair B. Ferguson. The Pundit's Folly: Chronicles of an Empty Life (Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1995).

Duane A. Garrett, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Vol. 14, New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman, 1993).

Donald R. Glenn, “Ecclesiastes,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, eds. J. F. Walvoord, and R. B. Zuck (Wheaton, IL: Victor, 1985).

William Henry Green, “Scope and Plan of the Book of Ecclesiastes,” Biblical Reparatory and Princeton Review 29 (1857), pp. 419-40; on Gordon Faculty Online at http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/21-Ecclesiastes/Text/Articles/Green-ScopeofEccl-1857.pdf [accessed 7 NOV 2015].[3]

Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Coping With Change: Ecclesiastes (Fearn, Roth-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus, 2013).[4]

Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Ecclesiastes: Total Life, in Everyman’s Bible Commentary (Chicago: Moody Press, 1979).

Derek Kidner, The Message of Ecclesiastes: A Time to Mourn, and a Time to Dance, in The Bible Speaks Today, Old Testament series ed. J. A. Motyer (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1976).

H. C. Leupold, Exposition of Ecclesiastes (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952).

Tremper Longman III, The Book of Ecclesiastes, New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997).

John MacArthur, MacArthur Study Bible, rev. ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1997).

Tim Mackie, “The book of Ecclesiastes explained with illustrations,” on The Bible Project at http://www.jointhebibleproject.com [accessed 18 JUN 2016]; includes downloadable full resolution video (700+ mb), and poster; for the video see also “Read Scripture Ecclesiastes” (10 JUN 2016), on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrsQ1tc-2wk [accessed 18 JUN 2016].[5]

Roland Edmund Murphy, Ecclesiastes, Vol. 23A, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, 1992).

New Geneva Study Bible (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995).

John G. Reisinger, Studies in Ecclesiastes (Frederick, MD: New Covenant Media, 2008).

Philip Graham Ryken, Ecclesiastes: Why Everything Matters, in Preaching the Word, gen. ed. R. Kent Hughes (Wheaton: Crossway, 2010).

Philip G. Ryken, Why Everything Matters: The Gospel in Ecclesiastes (Fearn, Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, Ltd., 2015).

Benjamin Shaw, “On Reading Ecclesiastes,” in The Hope Fulfilled: Essays in Honor of O. Palmer Robertson, ed. Robert L. Penny (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2008), pp. 47-58.

Peter B. Steese, ed., Ecclesiastes, gen. ed. Leonard F. Dean (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1966).

Tom V. Taylor, Studies in Ecclesiastes (Port Colborne, Ontario, CA: Gospel Folio Press, 2013).  See also the “Thomas V. Taylor Library” on the Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute at  http://www.taylorlib.ibri.org/ [accessed 27 NOV 2013].

Addison G. Wright, “The Riddle of the Sphinx: The Structure of the Book of Qoheleth,” in Reflecting with Solomon: Selected Studies on the Book of Ecclesiastes, ed. Roy B. Zuck (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994), pp. 45-66; originally published in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 30 (1968), pp. 313-334.

J. Stafford Wright, “Ecclesiastes,” in Psalms-Song of Songs, Vol. 5, Expositor's Bible Commentary, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1991).

J. Stafford Wright, “The Interpretation of Ecclesiastes”, in Classical Evangelical Essays in Old Testament Interpretation, ed. Walter C. Kaiser Jr. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1972), pp. 135-150; from J. Stafford Wright, “The Interpretation of Ecclesiastes,” Evangelical Quarterly 18 (1946), pp. 18-34; on Rediscovering the Bible at http://rediscoveringthebible.com/InterpretationOfEcclesiastes.html [accessed 7 MAY 2015].

Ronald F. Youngblood, “Qoheleth's 'Dark House' (Eccl. 12:5),” in A Tribute to Gleason Archer, eds. Walter C. Kaiser and Ronald F. Youngblood (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), pp.211-228; also published in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 29:4 (DEC 1986), pp. 397-410; on Biblical Studies at http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/29/29-4/29-4-pp397-410_JETS.pdf [accessed 4 APR 2016].



Notes:

[1] “4966 מָתֹוק [mathowq, mathuwq /maw·thoke/] adj n m. From 4985; TWOT 1268c; GK 5498; 12 occurrences; AV translates as “sweet” eight times, “sweeter” twice, and “sweetness” twice. 1 sweet. 2 sweetness, pleasant (thing).” Strong, J. (1995). Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon. Woodside Bible Fellowship.

[2] “2896 טָבַב, טִבָּה, טֹוב, טֹוב, טֹוב, טֹובָה [towb /tobe/] adj n m f. From 2895; TWOT 793a; GK 3176 and 3177 and 3201 and 3202 and 3205 and 3208; 559 occurrences; AV translates as “good” 361 times, “better” 72 times, “well” 20 times, “goodness” 16 times, “goodly” nine times, “best” eight times, “merry” seven times, “fair” seven times, “prosperity” six times, “precious” four times, “fine” three times, “wealth” three times, “beautiful” twice, “fairer” twice, “favour” twice, “glad” twice, and translated miscellaneously 35 times. 1 good, pleasant, agreeable. 1A pleasant, agreeable (to the senses). 1B pleasant (to the higher nature). 1C good, excellent (of its kind). 1D good, rich, valuable in estimation. 1E good, appropriate, becoming. 1F better (comparative). 1G glad, happy, prosperous (of man’s sensuous nature). 1H good understanding (of man’s intellectual nature). 1I good, kind, benign. 1J good, right (ethical). 2 a good thing, benefit, welfare. 2A welfare, prosperity, happiness. 2B good things (collective). 2C good, benefit. 2D moral good. 3 welfare, benefit, good things. 3A welfare, prosperity, happiness. 3B good things (collective). 3C bounty.” Strong, J. (1995). Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon. Woodside Bible Fellowship.

[3] Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. inexplicably refers to this as an “unsigned article” on at least two occasions in his commentary despite the facts that: 1) William Henry Green is clearly indicated as the author under the title on the first page of the article (pg. 419), and 2) one of his own faculty members (Ted Hildebrandt) has posted the article on the school’s web site where Kaiser served as both faculty member and President. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Ecclesiastes: Total Life, in Everyman’s Bible Commentary (Chicago: Moody Press, 1979); and Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Coping With Change: Ecclesiastes (Fearn, Roth-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus, 2013).

[4] Although not indicated on the copyright page, this appears in all respects to be a revised edition (2nd ed.) of the Moody Press 1979 original. The relationship to the original is referenced in the “Preface,” where the author mentions the inclusion of his own translation of Ecclesiastes in this revision as one significant change. “Dale Ralph Davis compares the two and says, “the ‘bones’ are much the same but the whole has been updated and expanded.” Source: Tim Challies, “Best Commentaries on Ecclesiastes” (18 NOV 2013), on Challies at http://www.challies.com/resources/best-commentaries-on-ecclesiastes [accessed 7 NOV 2015].

[5] “This video explores the main ideas and flow of thought of the book of Ecclesiastes.
The Bible Project is a non-profit creating animated videos that explain the narrative of the Bible. These videos are free to use for personal and educational purposes. Download a full resolution version of this video along with a study guide at www.jointhebibleproject.com.”
“About the author: Tim Mackie is a Pastor of Door of Hope church and a Professor at Western Seminary - timmackie.com”

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