From the Synagogue to the School: Paul at Ephesus
Acts 19:8-12
8 And he went into the synagogue,
and spake boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the
things concerning the kingdom of God. 9 But when divers were
hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he
departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school
of one Tyrannus. 10 And this continued by the space of two years; so
that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews
and Greeks. 11 And God wrought special miracles by the hands of
Paul: 12 So that from his body were brought unto the sick
handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil
spirits went out of them.
Introduction:
Ephesus is the geographical focus in this chapter, with
Paul as the personal focus. Before this chapter concludes Paul will be fixated
on Jerusalem and then Rome. This plan of Paul will then usher in the final
geographic movements in the book. In the sermon on the first 7 verses of this
chapter I mentioned that Darrell Bock cites F. F. Bruce concerning the fact
that there are four scenes recorded here. We now have our attention drawn to
the second of these scenes (in spite of some minor disagreements with Dr. Bock
about how they are outlined in the chapter!).
Outline:
I. The Foundation of His Ministry (19:8)
II. The Impact of His Ministry (19:9-10)
III. The Power of His Ministry (19:11-12)
Transition: Our attention in this scene
must be drawn to the kingdom of God, and the special miracles associated with
Paul’s ministry.
Reminder: The historical narrative recorded by Luke in Acts covers a
transitional period in God’s dealings with his people. Some of it pertains only
to this foundational period, and thus does not have direct application to us.
Some of it applies to the Church in all stages of its development, and should
be taken directly and personally by us today. All of it is profitable for
doctrine, reproof, correction and instruction in righteousness. All of it is
the Word of God, inspired by the Spirit of God, and is necessary for us to be
perfected and full equipped to every good work. Let us rightly divide it, honor
it, submit to it, and profit from it as such.
I. The Foundation of His Ministry (19:8)
And he went into the synagogue, and spake
boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the things
concerning the kingdom of God.
1. The Extent of this Foundation
2. The Nature of this Foundation
3. The Content of this Foundation
1. The Extent of this Foundation
And he went into the synagogue, and spake
boldly for the space of three months
2. The Nature of this Foundation
disputing and persuading
Apologetics and polemics - Defending the Faith and
countering error
“Disputing” = reasoning (the root word sounds like our
word dialog)
You will never “argue” anyone into heaven!
Job 6:25 - How forcible are right words! but what doth your arguing reprove?
You must, nevertheless, appeal to the reason. This must
be done, and can only be successful when done with Scripture. The ways and
wisdom of the world plants no seeds that the Spirit of God will honor. The
preaching of the cross of Christ, and the sowing of the seeds of the Word of
Christ is the only hope for those whose minds are darkened, whose eyes are
blind, and whose ears are deaf to the truth of God.
The mind must be engaged, the understanding must be
appealed to, and when the Spirit of God illumines the mind the light of God’s Day
will dawn, and the Day Star will arise in their hearts.
2 Pet. 1:19 - We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well
that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day
dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:
That is the work of the Spirit of God.
Our work is to reason with the unreasonable, and to leave
the supernatural results with God.
“Persuading” = the goal of his ministry, i.e. to convict
and convince
Winning a logical argument or a debate must not be the
goal.
A supernatural, miraculous conversion and transformation
involving faith and repentance must be the goal.
3. The Content of this Foundation
the things concerning the kingdom of God
The doctrine of the Kingdom:
earthly? heavenly? present -now? future - not yet? of heaven?
of God? the Church? Israel?
Do not put the doctrine of the Kingdom in a theological
“box” of your own fabrication!
Be very, very careful of falling into the “canon within
the Canon” trap here!
There is some very good teaching on the Kingdom out there,
and there is also much error due to one-sided and extreme positions on this
subject.
Alva J. McClain - “But the Kingdom, although occupying a
large place in apostolic preaching and teaching, is present only as an “eschatological”
possibility, as James Orr has correctly indicated.” [1]
And then, 35 pages later, McClain muddies the water as follows
seeming to contradiction what he wrote previously: “The Kingdom in its more
universal aspect, i.e., as including the Mediatorial Kingdom and the Church,
both of which must be regarded as within the Kingdom of God.” [2]
The preaching and teaching of the Kingdom in Acts:
1:3; 1:6; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 20:25; 28:23, 31.
Subjects to consider in formulating a Biblical doctrine
of the Kingdom of God:
1) The Nature of
the Kingdom of God
"The kingdom is not primarily a what, it's primarily
a who."
- Robert Godfrey, "The Gospel Message of
Christ" (24 MAR 2012), at the 2012 Philadelphia
Conference on Reformed Theology.
2) The Presence of
the Kingdom of God (“at hand”)
3) The Gospel of
the Kingdom of God (including “the word of the Kingdom”)
4) The Entrance Requirements
of the Kingdom of God (“the children of the Kingdom”)
"The kingdom of God is a kingdom of absolute
righteousness. You are either a loyal subject or a traitor." - A. A. Hodge
"Your
baptism infused into you no principle of life; it conferred upon you no saving
grace. You must be born again of the Spirit, be washed in the blood of Christ
and be clothed in his righteousness before you can enter the kingdom of grace
on earth, or be admitted within the kingdom of glory in heaven." -
Octavius Winslow (1808-1878), The
Work of the Holy Spirit
"'Be
merciful unto me,’ is the prayer you must learn to pray if you hope to enter
the Kingdom of God." - Charles H. Spurgeon (1834-1892)
Consider these subjects in the following Scripture
passages as starting points:
1) The Synoptic Gospels, especially Matthew (and the
parallel passages elsewhere in the Synoptics): Mt. 3:2; 4:7; 4:23; 5:3, 10,
19-20; 6:10, 13, 33; 7:21; etc.
2) The Johanine corpus: Jn. 3:3, 5; Jn. 18:36; Rev. 1:11
3) Paul’s Epistles: Rom. 14:17; 1 Cor. 4:20; 6:9-10;
15:50; Gal. 5:21; Eph. 5:5; Col. 1:13
4) Hebrews 1:8; 12:28
5) The General Epistles: Jas. 2:5; 2 Pet. 1:11
For further study on this issue see “Resources on the Kingdom”
below.
II. The Impact of His Ministry (19:9-10)
9 But when divers were hardened,
and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed
from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one
Tyrannus. 10 And this continued by the space of two years; so that
all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and
Greeks.
2 Cor. 2:14-17 - 14
Now thanks be unto God, which always causeth us to triumph in Christ, and
maketh manifest the savour of his knowledge by us in every place. 15 For we are unto God a sweet savour
of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: 16 To the one we are the savour of
death unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto life. And who is
sufficient for these things? 17 For
we are not as many, which corrupt the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as
of God, in the sight of God speak we in Christ.
1. The Savor of Death (19:9)
2. The Savor of Life (19:10)
1. The Savor of Death (19:9) - The Negative
Impact
But
when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before
the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing
daily in the school of one Tyrannus.
1) The Reason for the Move - Opposition
2) The Result of the Move - Separation
1) The Reason for
the Move - Opposition
But when divers were hardened, and believed
not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude
The process of the opposition:
(1) Hardening
(2) Unbelieving
(3) Maligning (slandering)
“that way” = the usual expression to refer to the
followers of Jesus Christ, i.e., “Christians,” at that time, as we have already
seen earlier in Acts
2) The Result of
the Move - Separation
he departed from them, and separated the
disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus
The process of the move involved:
(1) Paul departing from the synagogue
(2) Paul separating the disciples from the synagogue
(3) Paul continuing his disputing concerning the things
of the kingdom of God in the school of Tyrannus
Tyrannus? Nothing further is known about this person or
the facility.
Were church meetings on the sabbaths, of the first day of
the week then conducted in places other than the synagogue, perhaps in this
lecture hall? We are not told anything further on the long term impact on the
synagogue and its membership.
“School” = lecture
hall
The bottom line is that at Ephesus Paul had access to a
facility well suited to the expansion of his ministry. This lecture hall was
not under the control of the Jews, especially not those who were so hardened in
their unbelief that they were slandering the Gospel of Jesus Christ. This was
to his advantage, and was obviously a provision of the Lord that worked
extremely well for the furtherance of the Gospel ministry in and from Ephesus.
“The interesting addition in the Western text (“[Paul]
argued daily in the hall of Tyrannus from
the fifth hour to the tenth” [i. e. from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.]) may
represent an accurate piece of information, preserved in oral tradition before
being incorporated into the text of certain manuscripts….(Instead of “to the
tenth” two Latin manuscripts of the Vulgate read “to the ninth” (G), “to the
ninth and tenth” (D).)” [3]
2. The Savor of Life (19:10) - The Positive
Impact
And
this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia
heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.
1) Temporal extent
2) Universal effect
1) Temporal extent
- And this continued by the space of two years
2) Universal
effect - so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus,
both Jews and Greeks
III. The Power of His Ministry (19:11-12)
11 And God wrought special
miracles by the hands of Paul: 12 So that from his body were brought
unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and
the evil spirits went out of them.
1. The Extraordinary Power Of His Ministry (19:11)
2. The Kingdom Power of His Ministry (19:12)
1. The Extraordinary Power Of His Ministry
(19:11)
And
God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul:
“Special” = “extraordinary” (NASB) or “unusual” (NKJV); “δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς
τυχούσας ‘unusual miracles’ (literally ‘miracles not experienced’) Ac
19:11.” [4]
This was attention getting power. It drew attention to
Paul. It gained him a growing audience, and increasing credibility as an
Apostle of Jesus Christ verified by the signs of an Apostle.
Miraculous events associated with Paul: 13:4-12 (blinding
of Elymas the sorcerer); 14:3 (with others), 8-10 (healing of lame man), 19-20
(resuscitated); 15:12 (reported); 16:16-18 (exorcism of damsel); 19:11-20;
20:7-12 (resuscitation of Eutychus); 28:1-6 (snake bite), 7-9 (healing of
Publius’ father)
2. The Kingdom Power of His Ministry (19:12)
So that from his body were brought unto the
sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil
spirits went out of them.
“…various items of cloth became the vehicles for
healing.” [5]
“Or that also
sweatbands and sweatcloth or handkerchiefs”
- HCSB, pg. 1,477
Mt.
9:20-22 - 20 And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of
blood twelve years, came behind him,
and touched the hem of his garment: 21 For she said within herself, If I may but touch his garment,
I shall be whole. 22 But Jesus
turned him about, and when he saw her, he said, Daughter, be of good comfort;
thy faith hath made thee whole. And the woman was made whole from that hour.
2 Cor. 12:12 - Truly
the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, in signs, and
wonders, and mighty deeds.
“Don Stewart lays his hands on the Green Prosperity
Prayer Handkerchiefs and prays over them. As soon as possible the handkerchief
is sent to you. Just as with the Apostle Paul, there have been many great
testimonies of the miracles of healing, prosperity and spiritual miracles from
people who have used the Green Prosperity Prayer Handkerchief.” [6]
“This pamphlet is to accompany a prayer cloth which has
been prayed over for God's healing and delivering power to be upon it. If you
would like to receive a prayer cloth you can write to us and request one using
the Contact page.
We have seen some excellent results from the use of
prayer cloths. “Only believe! Only believe!” (Mark 5:36).”
[snip]
“This pamphlet should
accompany a prayer cloth which has been prayed over in accordance with Acts
19:11-12.
There is now an anointing on your prayer cloth for
healing and deliverance. As you believe you will be mightily touched by God for
healing.”
[snip]
“Please remember that the power of the Holy Spirit
remains on the cloth at all times. As you believe for this you will find
remarkable healing takes place. You should use this prayer cloth by attaching
it under your clothing and continue to wear it until you are healed and/or
delivered.
You should use this prayer cloth by attaching it under
your clothing and continue to wear it until you are healed and/or delivered.” [7]
“The point of contact” teaching - touch the TV, candles,
objects, rugs, pictures, vials of water, crosses, dirt, outlines of a hand,
etc. [8]
Cp. the relics of Romanism including the bones of the
“saints”.
2
Cor. 11:13-15 - 13 For such are false
apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of
Christ. 14 And no
marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light. 15 Therefore it is no great thing if his ministers also be transformed as the
ministers of righteousness; whose end shall be according to their works.
2 Th. 2:9-12 - 9 Even him, whose coming is after the
working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, 10 And with all deceivableness of
unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the
truth, that they might be saved. 11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that
they should believe a lie: 12 That
they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in
unrighteousness.
Conclusion:
Hebrews 12:12-29
Complete outline:
I. The Foundation of His Ministry (19:8)
1. The Extent of this
Foundation
2. The Nature of this Foundation
3. The Content of this
Foundation
II. The Impact of His Ministry (19:9-10)
1. The Savor of Death
(19:9)
2. The Savor of Life
(19:10)
III. The Power of His Ministry (19:11-12)
1. The Extraordinary
Power Of His Ministry (19:11)
2. The Kingdom Power of
His Ministry (19:12)
[Sermon preached 9
NOV 2014 by Pastor John T. “Jack” Jeffery at Wayside Gospel Chapel, Greentown,
PA.]
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Resources on the Kingdom:
Oswald T. Allis, Prophecy
and the Church (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co.,
1945, 1947).
Louis Berkhof, The
Kingdom of God: The Development of the Idea of the Kingdom Especially Since the
Eighteenth Century (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1951).
G. C. Berkouwer, The
Return of Christ, Vol. 14 in Studies
in Dogmatics, ed. Marlin J. Van Elderen, trans. James Van Oosterom (Grand
Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1972; from the Dutch ed., De Wederkomst van Christus, I and II,
Kampen, The Netherlands: J. H. Kok N.V., 1961, 1963).
Darrell L. Bock,
“The Kingdom of God in New Testament Theology,” in Looking into the Future: Evangelical Studies in Eschatology, ed.
David W. Baker, series: Evangelical
Theological Society Studies (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), pp. 28-60.
Darrell L. Bock,
gen. ed., Three Views on the Millennium
and Beyond (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1999).
Loraine Boettner, The
Millennium (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1959).
Horatius Bonar, The
Coming and Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ: Being an Examination of the Work
of the Rev. D. Brown, on the Second Coming of the Lord (Kelso: J.
Rutherford, 1849); on Google Books at
http://books.google.com/books?id=QEBVAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[accessed 11 NOV 2014].
Alexander Balmain Bruce, The Kingdom of God; or, Christ’s Teaching According To The Synoptical
Gospels (New York: Scribner & Welford, 1889); on Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/kingdomofgod00bruc
[accessed 10 NOV 2014].
J. S. Candlish, The
Kingdom of God Biblically and Historically Considered (Edinburgh: T. &
T. Clark, 1884); on Internet Archive
at https://archive.org/details/kingdomofbiblic00canduoft
[accessed 10 NOV 2014].
Robert G. Clouse,
ed., The Meaning of the Millennium: Four
Views (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1977).
Patrick Fairbairn, “Kingdom of God or of Heaven,” in The Classic Bible Dictionary, ed. Jay P.
Green, Sr. (Lafayette, IN: Sovereign Grace Trust Fund, 1988), pp. 719-720.
Charles L. Feinberg, Millennialism:
The Two Major Views, The Premillennial and Amillennial Systems of Interpretation
Analyzed & Compared, 3rd ed. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1936, 1954, 1961,
1980).
Graeme Goldsworthy, Gospel
and Kingdom (Crownhill, Milton Keynes, U.K.: Paternoster, 1981).
Graeme Goldsworthy, “Kingdom of God,” in New Dictionary of Biblical Theology,
eds. T. D. Alexander, Brian S. Rosner, D. A. Carson, and Graeme Goldsworthy
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), pp. 615-620.
Johannes Friedrich Gottshick, “Kingdom of God”, in The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of
Religious Knowledge, 13 vols., ed. Samuel Macauley Jackson (New York: Funk
and Wagnalls Co., 1909), VI:334-339; on the Christian
Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc06/Page_334.html
[accessed 20 FEB 2014].
“Kingdom of God”
(unsigned article), in Cyclopedia of
Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, eds. John McClintock
and James Strong (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1880); on Biblical Cyclopedia at http://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/K/kingdom-of-god.html
[accessed 10 NOV 2014].
B. Klappert, “King, Kingdom”, in The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, gen.
ed. Colin Brown, English ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1978;
trans. from Germ. original, Theologisches
Begriffslexikon Zum Neuen Testament, 1971 by Theologischer Verlag Rolf
Brockhaus, Wuppertal), 2:372-390.
Hermann Kleinknecht, Gerhard von Rad, Karl Georg Kuhn,
and Karl Ludwig Schmidt, “βασιλεύς, βασιλεία, βασίλισσα, βασιλεύω,
συμβασιλεύω, βασίλειος, βασιλικός in Theological Dictionary
of the New Testament, ed. Gerhard Kittel, trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley
(Eerdmans, 1967), I:564-593.
George Eldon Ladd, Crucial
Questions about the Kingdom of God (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans
Publishing Co., 1952).
George Eldon Ladd, The
Gospel of the Kingdom (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,
1959).
George Eldon Ladd, “Kingdom of Christ, God, Heaven,” in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, ed.
W. A. Elwell (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), pp. 607-611.
George Eldon Ladd, “Kingdom of God,” in Baker’s Dictionary of Theology, eds.
Everett F. Harrison, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Carl F. H. Henry (Grand Rapids:
Baker Book House, 1960), pp. 309-314.
George Eldon Ladd, “Kingdom of God,” in
The Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary,
gen ed. Merrill C. Tenney, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House,
1963, 1964, 1967), pp. 466-467.
George Eldon Ladd, “Kingdom of God (Heaven),” in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, eds. W.
A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1988), pp. 1269-1278.
Gary D. Long, Context! Evangelical Views on the Millennium
Examined, 3rd ed. (n.p.: Sovereign Grace Ministries, 2001).
Allan Alexander MacRae, The Millennial Kingdom of Christ (Hatfield, PA: Biblical School of
Theology, n.d.; and Wilmington, DE: Faith Theological Seminary, n.d.;
originally in the Christian Beacon,
March 11, and 18, 1937); extensively revised and republished as A Glorious Future: A Premillennialist Looks
At The Millennial Kingdom Of Christ And Examines Postmillennial And Amillennial
Objections (Hatfield, PA: Biblical Theological Seminary, 1981).
Alva J. McClain, The
Greatness of the Kingdom: An Inductive Study of the Kingdom of God (Winona
Lake, IN: BMH Books, 1959).
Russell D. Moore, The
Kingdom of Christ: The New Evangelical Perspective (Wheaton: Crossway
Books, 2004).
J. Orr, “Kingdom Of God, Of Heaven,” in A Dictionary of the Bible Dealing with its
Language, Literature, and Contents Including the Biblical Theology, 5
vols., ed. James Hastings (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, n.d.; 1988
reprint from 1988 original by T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh), 2:844-856; on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
(CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_844.html
[accessed 9 NOV 2014].
J. Barton Payne, Encyclopedia
of Biblical Prophecy (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1980).
George N. H. Peters, The
Theocratic Kingdom, 3 vols. (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1952).
Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos, The Coming of the Kingdom, ed. Raymond O. Zorn, trans. H. de
Jongste (n.p.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1962; St. Catherines,
Ontario Canada: Paideia Press, 1978); on Reformational
Publishing Project and Paideia Press at http://reformationalpublishingproject.com/pdf_books/Scanned_Books_PDF/TheComingOfTheKingdomI.pdf
[accessed 11 NOV 2014].
Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos, “Kingdom of God, Kingdom of
Heaven”, in The New Bible Dictionary,
eds. J. D. Douglas, F. F. Bruce, R. V. G. Tasker, J. I. Packer, D. J. Wiseman
(Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962), pp. 693-697.
Archibald Robertson, Regnum
Dei: Eight Lectures On The Kingdom Of God In The History Of Christian Thought
(London: Methuen & Co., 1901); on Google
Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=2e42AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[accessed 11 NOV 2014].
James Stalker, “The Kingdom of God (of Heaven), The,” in The International Standard Bible
Encyclopaedia, 5 vols., eds. J. Orr, J. L. Nuelsen, E. Y. Mullins and M. O. Evans (Chicago: The Howard-Severance
Company, 1915), pp. 1805-1808; on International
Standard Bible Encylopedia Online at http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/K/kingdom-of-god-(of-heaven)-the.html [accessed 15 MAY 2014].
Geerhardus Vos, The
Teaching of Jesus Concerning the Kingdom of God and the Church (New York:
American Tract Society, 1903); on Internet
Archive at https://archive.org/details/theteachingofjes00vosuoft
[accessed 10 NOV 2014].
Bruce K. Waltke, “The Kingdom of God in Biblical
Theology,” in Looking into the Future: Evangelical Studies in Eschatology, ed. David W. Baker, series: Evangelical Theological Society Studies
(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001), pp. 15-27.
John F. Walvoord, The
Millennial Kingdom (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1959).
Stephen J. Wellum and Peter J. Gentry, Kingdom Through Covenant (Wheaton: Crossway, 2012).
Nathaniel West, The
Thousand Years (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1993; from orig. Studies in Eschatology, 1899); on The Millennial Kingdom at http://www.themillennialkingdom.org.uk/ThousandYearsInBothTestaments.htm
[accessed 11 NOV 2014].
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Resources on Acts:
G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, eds., Commentary on the New Testament Use of
the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), pp. 513-606.
Paul Barnett, The
Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years, After Jesus, Vol. 1 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Co., 2005).
Darrell L. Bock, Acts,
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New
Testament, eds. Robert W. Yarbrough and Robert H. Stein (Grand Rapids:
Baker Academic, 2007).
F. F. Bruce, The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text
with Introduction and Commentary, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans
Publishing Co., 1951, 1952).
I. Howard Marshall, Acts:
An Introduction And Commentary, Vol. 5 in Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. Leon Morris (Downers
Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980; 2008 reprint).
David G. Peterson, The
Acts of the Apostles, in The Pillar
New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids: William B.
Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2009).
John B. Polhill, Acts,
Vol. 26 in The New American Commentary,
gen. ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, Publishers, 1992).
Eckhard J. Schnabel, Acts,
Vol. 5 in the Zondervan Exegetical
Commentary on the New Testament, gen. ed. Clinton E. Arnold (Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 2012).
William H. Willimon, Acts,
in Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for
Teaching and Preaching, series ed. James Luther Mays, New Testament ed.
Paul J. Achtemeier (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010).
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Resources on Paul:
Kenneth E. Bailey, Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural
Studies in 1 Corinthians (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2011).
F. F. Bruce, Paul:
Apostle of the Heart Set Free (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Co., 1977).
D. A. Carson, The
Gagging of God: Christianity Confronts Pluralism (Grand Rapids: Zondervan,
1996), pp. 496-501.
W. J. Conybeare and J. S. Howson, The Life, Times and Travels of St. Paul, 2 vols. in 1, unabridged
American ed. (New York: E. B. Treat U Co., 1869); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=Bn1CAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[accessed 12 FEB 2013].
Adolf Deissmann, Paul:
A Study in Social and Religious History, 2nd ed., trans. William E. Wilson
(New York: Harper Torchbooks, n.d.).
F. W. Farrar, The Life
and Work of St. Paul (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1889); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=RB2KeCSM6KsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[accessed 12 FEB 2013].
Bruce N. Fisk, “Paul: Life and
Letters”, in The Face of New Testament
Studies: A Survey of Recent Research, ed. Scot McKnight and Grant R.
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Richard B.Gaffin, Jr.,
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End Notes:
[1] The Greatness
of the Kingdom: An Inductive Study of the Kingdom of God (Winona Lake, IN:
BMH Books, 1959); pg. 390.McClain cites the following as being in agreement with
his assertion at this point: J. Orr, “Kingdom Of God, Of Heaven,” in A Dictionary of the Bible Dealing with its
Language, Literature, and Contents Including the Biblical Theology, 5
vols., ed. James Hastings (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, n.d.; 1988
reprint from 1988 original by T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh), 2:844-856; on the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
(CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_844.html
[accessed 9 NOV 2014].
[2] Op. cit., pg. 425.
[3] Metzger, B. M., & United Bible Societies. (1994).
A textual commentary on the Greek New
Testament, second edition a companion volume to the United Bible Societies'
Greek New Testament (4th rev. ed.) (417). London; New York: United Bible
Societies. See also Moffatt (1922), pg. 207, “from eleven to four,”, and note:
“…probably original.” RSV (1946, 1962), note: “Other ancient authorities add
‘from the fifth hour to the tenth.’” Berkeley (1945, 1958, 1959), note r, pg.
144: “‘From ten till three,’ one ancient manuscript adds. Before and after that
period Paul would be busy at his study and tent making.” New Berkeley, Modern
Language Bible (1945, 1958, 1959, 1969), pg. 149, note q: “Some ancient
manuscripts add “from ten until three.”
[4] Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996). Vol. 1: Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: Based on semantic domains
(electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.) (805). New York: United Bible Societies.
[5] Stanley E. Porter, Paul
in Acts, in Library of Pauline
Studies, gen. ed. Stanley E. Porter (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers,
Inc., 1999; 2001 reprint of The Paul of
Acts: Essays in Literary Criticism, Rhetoric and Theology, in Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen
Testament 115, by Mohr Siebeck, Tubingen), pg. 62. See “Paul as Miracle Worker?” pp. 60-62. See also John B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26 in The New
American Commentary, gen. ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman
& Holman, Publishers, 1992), pg. 401.
[7] Source: http://www.doveministries.com/content/how-receive-healing-using-prayer-cloth
[accessed 9 NOV 2014].
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