Pastor's Sermon Notes: The Journeys Following the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15:36-41)

The Journeys Following the Jerusalem Council

~ Or, The Further Adventures of Barnabas and Paul ~

Acts 15:36-41

³⁶ And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do. ³⁷ And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark. ³⁸ But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. ³⁹ And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus; ⁴⁰ And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God. ⁴¹ And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

Introduction:

We have considered Acts 15 under the following headings or paragraph divisions:

The Occasion of for the Jerusalem Council (15:1-5)

The Proceedings of the Jerusalem Council (15:6-21)

The Results of the Jerusalem Council (15:22-35)

The Journeys following the Jerusalem Council (15:36-41)

Transition:  Ever since The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe (1719), stories of “The Further Adventures of…” someone or another have been popular. For example, many may not realize it but L. Frank Baum penned a sequel to The Wizard of Oz titled, The Land of Oz Being an account of the further adventures of the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman and also the strange experiences of the Highly Magnified Woggle-Bug, Jack Pumpkinhead, the Animated Saw-Horse and the Gump; the story being A Sequel to The Wizard of Oz (1904). Four years later Kenneth Grahame included a chapter on “The Further Adventures of Toad” in his classic The Wind in the Willows (London, Methuen, 1908). We sometimes see selections from Arthur Conan Doyle’s works republished under the title The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. There was also Huck and Tom, or, The Further Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Famous Players-Lasky Corp., Paramount Pictures, 1918). More recently we have seen the monthly comic series The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones (Marvel Comics, 1983-1986), [1] and Sholem Aleichem’s The Further Adventures of Menachem-Mendl: New York-Warsaw-Vienna-Yehupetz, trans. Aliza Shevrin, in Library of Modern Jewish Literature (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2001).

Following the delivery of the communication by letter and messenger from the Jerusalem Council we now learn in Luke’s narrative of what might be referred to as “The Further Adventures of Baranabas and Paul”.

Let us be very clear about something important at the outset.  This is not just history, or merely a historical narrative, but the inspired Word of God. It must be understood and treated as such. It is therefore for us to feed on and profit from. It has something righteous to teach us. There is reproof, correction, and instruction here which God has provided and preserved for our sanctification (2 Tim. 3:16-17). If we faithfully and humbly apply the words of this account to ourselves we  will be enabled us to mature as servants of God performing the good works that He has ordained for us to do (Eph. 2:8-10).

Outline:

I. Plan A Proposed (15:36)

II. Plan A Breaks Down (15:37-39)

III. Plan B Implemented (15:40-41)

I. Plan A Proposed (15:36)

And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.

1. The Idea for the Plan

2. The Extent of the Plan

3. The Purpose of the Plan

1. The Idea for the Plan

And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren

“And some days after” - “The imprecise time expression is perhaps more significant as Luke’s way of marking a major new division in the narrative. A new division indeed does begin at this point—Paul’s second major mission.” [2]

“visit” - “Elsewhere in Luke-Acts, it typically refers to a saving intervention by God to rescue his people and judge his enemies: see Luke 1:68, 78; 7:16; Acts 7:23 (of Joseph visiting the Israelites in their afflictions); 15:14, 36 (of missionaries “visiting” churches previously planted).” [3]

Acts 15:14 - Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.

2. The Extent of the Plan

in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord,

His intent was to retrace their steps in the first missionary journey which would include the cities of Cyprus (Salamis and Paphos), Pamphylia (Perga), Pisidian Antioch, and Lycaonia (Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe).

3. The Purpose of the Plan

and see how they do.

This is the vision, the burden, and the passion of the Apostle Paul. Here is his pastoral heart in action.  Despite the difficulties, the distance, and the danger, he must return so that he can tend to the flocks he led into the sheepfold.  He cannot just call them on the phone, or set up a video conference.  This calls for “boots on the ground”.

II. Plan A Breaks Down (15:37-39)

 ³⁷ And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark. ³⁸ But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. ³⁹ And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

1. The Determination of Baranabas (15:37)

2. The Disagreement of Paul (15:38)

3. The Departure of Barnabas (15:39)

1. The Determination of Baranabas (15:37)

And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Whoops!  This is a fly in the ointment of Paul’s plan! In other words, Barnabas’ well-intentioned amendment to Paul’s invitation would be a burr in the saddle, a monkey wrench in the works!

2. The Disagreement of Paul (15:38)

But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

“No way, Jose!”

“That ain’t happenin’!”

“"If you doubt your ability to commit yourself to this life of selfless service, if you feel you might not strive to be beyond reproach in regards to your values... I want you to get up, resign your commission, and leave. I sincerely mean that. Think very hard about the life you are choosing. I'd rather lose half or more of you right now then to have leaders in the Division who aren't fully committed to the Army Values and a life of selfless service".

With this challenge to the gathered Second Lieutenants of the Iron Division, Brigadier General Gronski began the Iron Leader Orientation Seminar.” [4]

3. The Departure of Barnabas (15:39)

And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

1) The Characterization of the Disagreement

And the contention was so sharp between them,

This was not something about which they could “agree to disagree”.

“Contention” - “sharp disagreement” in modern translations

2) The Consequence of the Disagreement

that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;

NASB - And there occurred such a sharp disagreement that they separated from one another, and Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus. [5]

ESV - And there arose a sharp disagreement, so that they separated from each other. Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, [6]

HCSB - There was such a sharp disagreement that they parted company, and Barnabas took Mark  with him and sailed off to Cyprus. [7]

NIV - They had such a sharp disagreement that they parted company. Barnabas took Mark and sailed for Cyprus, [8]

NLT - Their disagreement was so sharp that they separated. Barnabas took John Mark with him and sailed for Cyprus. [9]

Options:

1) One of them was in the wrong;

2) They were both wrong;

3) They were both right.

Neither Barnabas nor John Mark (Marcus) are mentioned again in Acts. 

Barnabas is referred to later in three of Paul’s epistles: 1 Cor. 9:6; Gal. 2:1, 9, 13; and Col. 4:10.

“Paul did eventually become reconciled to Mark and mentioned him as a coworker in several of his letters (cf. Col 4:10; Phlm 24; 2 Tim 4:11).” [10]

Col. 4:7-11 -  7 All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord: 8 Whom I have sent unto you for the same purpose, that he might know your estate, and comfort your hearts; 9 With Onesimus, a faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They shall make known unto you all things which are done here. 10 Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;) 11 And Jesus, which is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellowworkers unto the kingdom of God, which have been a comfort unto me.

Phile. 23-24 -  23 There salute thee Epaphras, my fellowprisoner in Christ Jesus; 24 Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers.

2 Tim. 4:11 - Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he is profitable to me for the ministry.

1 Pet. 5:13 - The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son.

Mark as the author, or at least the amanuensis of the Synoptic Gospel that bears his name:

cp. Mk. 14:50-52 - 50 And they all forsook him, and fled. 51 And there followed him a certain young man, having a linen cloth cast about his naked body; and the young men laid hold on him: 52 And he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked.

Mark, whose home was where the saints gathered, and Peter came after being miraculously released from prison:

cp. Acts 12:12 - And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.)

III. Plan B Implemented (15:40-41)

 ⁴⁰ And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God. ⁴¹ And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

1. The Members of the “A Team” (15:40a-b)

2. The Endorsement of the “A Team” (15:40c)

3. The Accomplishment of the “A Team” (15:41)

1. The Members of the “A Team” [11] (15:40a-b)

And Paul chose Silas, and departed,

2. The Endorsement of the “A Team” (15:40c)

being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.

cp. 15:1, 3, 22, 32, 33, 36, 40 [12]

3. The Accomplishment of the “A Team” (15:41)

And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.

Conclusion:

This is not just history, or merely a historical narrative, but the inspired Word of God. It must be understood and treated as such. It is therefore for us to feed on and profit from. It has something righteous to teach us. There is reproof, correction, and instruction here which God has provided and preserved for our sanctification (2 Tim. 3:16-17). If we faithfully and humbly apply the words of this account to ourselves we  will be enabled us to mature as servants of God performing the good works that He has ordained for us to do (Eph. 2:8-10).

I. Plan A Proposed (15:36)

1. The Idea for the Plan

2. The Extent of the Plan

3. The Purpose of the Plan

II. Plan A Breaks Down (15:37-39)

1. The Determination of Baranabas (15:37)

2. The Disagreement of Paul (15:38)

3. The Departure of Barnabas (15:39)

III. Plan B Implemented (15:40-41)

1. The Members of the “A Team” (15:40a-b)

2. The Endorsement of the “A Team” (15:40c)

3. The Accomplishment of the “A Team” (15:41)

 [Sermon preached 13 JUL 2014 by Pastor John T. “Jack” Jeffery at Wayside Gospel Chapel, Greentown, PA.]

Resources on Acts:

G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, eds., Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), pp. 513-606.

Paul Barnett, The Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years, After Jesus, Vol. 1 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2005).

Darrell L. Bock, Acts, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, eds. Robert W. Yarbrough and Robert H. Stein (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007).

                                                  

F. F. Bruce, The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1951, 1952).

I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction And Commentary, Vol. 5 in Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. Leon Morris (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980; 2008 reprint).

David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles, The Pillar New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2009).

John B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26 in The New American Commentary, gen. ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, Publishers, 1992).

Eckhard J. Schnabel, Acts, Vol. 5 in the Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, gen. ed. Clinton E. Arnold (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012).

William H. Willimon, Acts, in Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching, series ed. James Luther Mays, New Testament ed. Paul J. Achtemeier (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010).

Resources on Paul:

Kenneth E. Bailey, Paul Through Mediterranean Eyes: Cultural Studies in 1 Corinthians  (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2011).

F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977).

D. A. Carson, The Gagging of God: Christianity Confronts Pluralism (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996), pp. 496-501.

W. J. Conybeare and J. S. Howson, The Life, Times and Travels of St. Paul, 2 vols. in 1, unabridged American ed. (New York: E. B. Treat U Co., 1869); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=Bn1CAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 12 FEB 2013].

Adolf Deissmann, Paul: A Study in Social and Religious History, 2nd ed., trans. William E. Wilson (New York: Harper Torchbooks, n.d.).

F. W. Farrar, The Life and Work of St. Paul (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1889); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=RB2KeCSM6KsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 12 FEB 2013].

Bruce N. Fisk, “Paul: Life and Letters”, in The Face of New Testament Studies: A Survey of Recent Research, ed. Scot McKnight and Grant R. Osborne (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004), pp. 283-325.

Richard B.Gaffin, Jr., "Acts and Paul", 46 lectures (MP3 format), WTS Resources Media Center on Westminster Theological Seminary at http://wts.edu/resources/media.html?paramType=audio&filterTopic=5&filterSpeaker=10&filterYear=2005 [accessed 20 MAR 2013].

Frank J. Goodwin, A Harmony of the Life of the St. Paul According to the Acts of the Apostles and the Pauline Epistles (New York: American Tract Society, 1895); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=YgpEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 12 FEB 2013].

Richard N. Longenecker, The Ministry And Message Of Paul (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1971).

Richard N. Longenecker, Paul, Apostle Of Liberty (New York: Harper & Row, 1964).

Richard N. Longenecker, ed., The Road From Damascus : The Impact Of Paul's Conversion On His Life, Thought, And Ministry (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997).

Richard N. Longenecker, Studies In Paul, Exegetical And Theological (Sheffield : Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2004).

J. Gresham Machen, The Origin of Paul's Religion: The James Sprunt Lectures Delivered at Union Theological Seminary in Virginia (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1925).

Leon Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1955).

John Pollock, The Apostle: A Life of Paul, 3rd ed. (Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 1969, 2012); also published as The Man Who Shook the World (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1972; originally The Apostle: A Life of Paul, New York: Doubleday, 1969).

Stanley E. Porter, Paul in Acts, in Library of Pauline Studies, gen. ed. Stanley E. Porter (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1999; 2001 reprint of The Paul of Acts: Essays in Literary Criticism, Rhetoric and Theology, in Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 115, by Mohr Siebeck, Tubingen).

W. M. Ramsay, The Cities of St. Paul: Their Influence on his Life and Thought (New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son; London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=JryEbmKool0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 13 FEB 2013].

W. M. Ramsay, Pauline and Other Studies in Early Christian History (New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1906); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=-1ZJAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 13 FEB 2013].

W. M. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveler and the Roman Citizen, 10th ed. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1907); on Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/ramsay/paul_roman.html [accessed 13 FEB 2013].

W. M. Ramsay, The Teaching of Paul in terms of The Present Day: The Deems Lectures in New York University (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914); on Internet Archive at http://ia600404.us.archive.org/2/items/teachingofpaulin00rams/teachingofpaulin00rams.pdf [accessed 13 FEB 2013].

A. T. Robertson, Epochs in the Life of Paul: A Study of Development in Paul's Character (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1974).

Eckhard J. Schnabel, Paul The Missionary: Realities, Strategies And Methods (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2008).

Udo Schnelle, Apostle Paul: His Life and Theology, trans. M. Eugene Boring (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003; trans. from Paulus: Leben und Denken, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co., n.d.).

Thomas R. Schreiner, Paul, Apostle of God's Glory in Christ: A Pauline Theology (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2001).

James Stalker, The Life of St. Paul, (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885; rev. ed. 2010 by Kessinger Publishing from 1912 ed.); on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=vT0HAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false [accessed 7 FEB 2013].

James Ironside Still, St. Paul on Trial (London: Student Christian Movement, 1923).

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[1] These were later published in a three volume set: Walter Simonson, John Byrne, Danny O’Neil, David Michelinie, Herb Trimpe, Larry Lieber, Linda Grant, et al., Indiana Jones Omnibus: Further Adventures, 3 vols. (Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse, 2009-2010).

[2] J. B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), pg. 341. “The expression μετὰ plus an expression of time in the accusative case was Luke’s usual manner of marking major divisions in the second half of Acts. Cf. 18:1; 21:15; 24:1; 25:1; 28:11, 17.” Polhill, op. cit., footnote 1.

[3] Dennis E. Johnson, The Message of Acts in the History of Redemption (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1997), pp. 23, and 30, note 15.

[4] 28th Infantry Division, Facebook post (12 JUL 2014), “Forging the Iron Division- 2LT Leadership Orientation”.

[5] New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Ac 15:39). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation.

[6] The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. 2001 (Ac 15:39). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

[7] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Ac 15:39). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

[8] The New International Version. 2011 (Ac 15:39). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[9] Tyndale House Publishers. (2007). Holy Bible: New Living Translation (3rd ed.) (Ac 15:39). Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers.

[10] Polhill, op. cit., pg. 341.

[11] “The A-Team” (Stephen J. Cannell Productions, 1983-1987; Twentieth Century Fox, 2010). “The show's name comes from the "A-Teams", the nickname coined for U.S. Special Forces' Operational Detachments Alpha (ODA) during the Vietnam War…”

Note 10: “The US Army Special Forces still uses the term ODA for their 12-man direct operations teams.” Source: Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_A-Team [accessed 13 JUL 2014].

“The 12-man ODA (Operational Detachment Alpha) or "A-team," is largely made up of NCOs. Each man has a specific function, ranging from operations and intelligence, to weapons, engineering, medical and communications. The advanced training for each specialty can take six months or longer and includes small-unit tactics; languages; and survival, evasion, resistance and escape. The ODA itself may specialize in an infiltration skill or a particular mission-set, such as military freefall, combat diving, mountain warfare, maritime operations or urban operations.”

Source: www.army.mil, The Official Homepage of the U. S. Army at http://www.army.mil/article/29315/special-forces---shooters-and-thinkers/ [accessed 13 JUL 2014].

[12] On the appellation, “the brothers” in Acts see Johnson, op. cit., pp. 74-75, and 84, note 9.

Pastor's Sermon Notes: Be wise now therefore, O ye kings (Acts 12:20-25)

Be wise now therefore, O ye kings

Acts 12:20-25

²⁰ And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king’s country. ²¹ And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them. ²² And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man. ²³ And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost. ²⁴ But the word of God grew and multiplied. ²⁵ And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Outline:

I.  The Divine Execution of Herod Agrippa I (12:20-23)

II.  The Effective Spread of the Word of God (12:24)

III.  The Successful Mission of the Team from Antioch (12:25)

I.  The Divine Execution of Herod Agrippa I (12:20-23)

²⁰ And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king’s chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king’s country. ²¹ And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them. ²² And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man. ²³ And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.[1]

Psalm 2 - 1 Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? 2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, 3 Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. 4 He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. 5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. 6 Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. 7 I will declare the decree: the LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee. 8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. 9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. 10 Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth. 11 Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling.

12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him.

Psalm 110 - 1 A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. 2 The LORD shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 3 Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. 4 The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. 5 The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. 6 He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. 7 He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.

Revelation 19:11-16 - 11 And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war. 12  His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself. 13 And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God. 14 And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean. 15 And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. 16 And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.

II.  The Effective Spread of the Gospel (12:24)

But the word of God grew and multiplied.

Is. 55:11 - So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.

Ac. 2:47 - Praising God, and having favour with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved.

Ac. 6:7 - And the word of God increased; and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith.

Ac. 9:31 - Then had the churches rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied.

Ac. 11:21 - And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.

Ac. 13:49 - And the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region.

Ac. 14:1 - And it came to pass in Iconium, that they went both together into the synagogue of the Jews, and so spake, that a great multitude both of the Jews and also of the Greeks believed.

Ac. 16:5 - And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily.

Ac. 19:20 - So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.

III.  The Successful Mission of the Antiochan Team (12:25)

And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem,[2] when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Barnabas

Ac. 4:36 - And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, The son of consolation,) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus,

[Ac. 9:27 - But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus.

Ac. 11:22 - Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should go as far as Antioch.

Ac. 11:27-30 - 27 And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch.

28 And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by the spirit that there should be great dearth throughout all the world: which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar.

29 Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judaea:

30 Which also they did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.

Ac. 13:1ff., 13 - ¹ Now there were in the church that was at Antioch certain prophets and teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul.

² As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.

¹³ Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem.

Ac. 13-15

1 Cor. 9:6 - Or I only and Barnabas, have not we power to forbear working?

Gal. 2:1, 9, 13 - 1 Then fourteen years after I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, and took Titus with me also.

9 And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the heathen, and they unto the circumcision.

13 And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation.

John Mark

Ac. 12:12 - And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.

Ac. 15:37 - And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Col. 4:10 - Aristarchus my fellowprisoner saluteth you, and Marcus, sister's son to Barnabas, (touching whom ye received commandments: if he come unto you, receive him;)

2 Tim. 4:11 - Only Luke is with me. Take Mark, and bring him with thee: for he is profitable to me for the ministry.

Phile. 24 - Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers.

1 Pet. 5:13 - The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son.

Offerings for the Jerusalem Church

Ac. 24:17 - Now after many years I came to bring alms to my nation, and offerings.

Rom. 15:25-28, 31 - 25 But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints. 26 For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem. 27 It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things. 28 When therefore I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you into Spain. 31 That I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judaea; and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be accepted of the saints;

1 Cor. 16:1 - Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye.

2 Cor. 8:3-6 - 3 For to their power, I bear record, yea, and beyond their power they were willing of themselves; 4 Praying us with much intreaty that we would receive the gift, and take upon us the fellowship of the ministering to the saints. 5 And this they did, not as we hoped, but first gave their own selves to the Lord, and unto us by the will of God. 6 Insomuch that we desired Titus, that as he had begun, so he would also finish in you the same grace also.

Gal. 2:10 - Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do.

Conclusion:

"God of our fathers, known of old— Lord of our far-flung battle line— Beneath whose awful hand we hold Dominion over palm and pine— Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget! The tumult and the shouting dies— The Captains and the Kings depart— Still stands Thine ancient sacrifice, An humble and a contrite heart. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget! Far-called our navies melt away— On dune and headland sinks the fire— Lo, all our pomp of yesterday Is one with Nineveh and Tyre! Judge of the Nations, spare us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget!

If, drunk with sight of power, we loose Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe— Such boastings as the Gentiles use, Or lesser breeds without the Law— Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, Lest we forget—lest we forget! For heathen heart that puts her trust In reeking tube and iron shard— All valiant dust that builds on dust, And guarding calls not Thee to guard. For frantic boast and foolish word, Thy Mercy on Thy People, Lord! Amen."[3]

The tumult and the shouting dies—
The Captains and the Kings depart—
Still stands Thine ancient sacrifice,
An humble and a contrite heart.
Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
Lest we forget—lest we forget!

Mt. 25:14-23 - 14 For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. 15 And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey. 16 Then he that had received the five talents went and traded with the same, and made them other five talents. 17 And likewise he that had received two, he also gained other two. 18 But he that had received one went and digged in the earth, and hid his lord's money.

19 After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them. 20 And so he that had received five talents came and brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: behold, I have gained beside them five talents more. 21  His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 22  He also that had received two talents came and said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: behold, I have gained two other talents beside them. 23 His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord.

[Sermon preached 30 MAR 2014 by Pastor John T. “Jack” Jeffery at Wayside Gospel Chapel, Greentown, PA.]

Resources:

G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, eds., Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), pp. 513-606.

Darrell L. Bock, Acts, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, eds. Robert W. Yarbrough and Robert H. Stein (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007).

                                                  

F. F. Bruce, The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1951, 1952).

I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction And Commentary, Vol. 5 in Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. Leon Morris (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980; 2008 reprint).

David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles, The Pillar New Testament Commentaries, gen. ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2009).

John B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26 in The New American Commentary, gen. ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, Publishers, 1992).

Eckhard J. Schnabel, Acts, Vol. 5 in the Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, gen. ed. Clinton E. Arnold (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012).

William H. Willimon, Acts, in Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching, series ed. James Luther Mays, New Testament ed. Paul J. Achtemeier (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2010).

Resources on “Herod”:[4]

E. M. Blaiklock, “Herod”, in The Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary, gen ed. Merrill C. Tenney, rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1963, 1964, 1967), pp. 348-352.

Frederick Fyvie Bruce, “Herod”, in The New Bible Dictionary, eds. J. D. Douglas, F. F. Bruce, J. I. Packer, R. V. G. Tasker, and D. J. Wiseman (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1962), pp. 521-523.

Henry E. Dosker, “Herod”, in The Classic Bible Dictionary, ed. Jay P. Green, Sr. (Lafayette, IN: Sovereign Grace Trust Fund, 1988), pp. 524-528.

Henry E. Dosker, “Herod”, in The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1915 ed., ed. J. Edwin Orr (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1999); on International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online at http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/H/herod.html [accessed 24 MAR 2014].

Arthur Cayley Headlam, “Herod”, in A Dictionary of the Bible,  Dealing with its Language, Literature, and Contents, Including the Biblical Theology, ed. James Hastings, 5 vols. (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, n.d.; 1988 reprint ed. of 1898 orig. by T&T Clark, Edinburgh), 2:353-362; on Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) at http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_353.html [accessed 24 MAR 2014].

Harold W. Hoehner, “Herod, Herodian Family”, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, eds. W. A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1988), pp. 964-972.

Joachim Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus, trans. F. H. Cave and C. H. Cave (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1969; from Jerusalem zur Zeit Jesu, 3rd ed., Gottingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962), pp. 11-12, 94, 98, 331-334, 366-367.

A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament: The Sarum Lectures 1960-1961 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1963; Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2004).

Edwin M. Yamauchi, “Archaelogy and the New Testament”, in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, gen. ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, Vol. 1, Introductory Articles (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979), pp. 649-652.

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[1] “The same word is used of worm-eaten crops. Neither Josephus nor Acts provides sufficient detail to make a proper medical diagnosis. Many suggestions have been offered—a ruptured appendix, arsenic poisoning, or tapeworms (see E. M. Merrins, “The Deaths of Antiochus IV, Herod the Great, and Herod Agrippa I,” BibSac 61 [1904]: 561f). As his title suggests, those former villains of Jewish history, Antiochus Epiphanes and Herod the Great, also died in a “worm-eaten” state according to Josephus.”

John B. Polhill, Acts, Vol. 26 in The New American Commentary, gen. ed. David S. Dockery (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, Publishers, 1992), pg. 285, note 162. 

Cp. also the following noncanonical sources: 1) Apocrypha - 1 Macc. 7:41-44; Sir. 48:21; Judith 16:17; 2 Macc. 9:9; 2) and especially Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 19:343-352.

[2] On the textual variants concerning the preposition here, the Nestle-Aland 27th ed., the Byzantine Textform, and the Majority Text 2nd ed., all agree that the evidence favors εἰς over the other two prepositional variants, ἐκ and ἀπὸ.  See Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament (third edition) (Stuttgart, Germany: United Bible Societies, 1971), pp. 398-400; Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1898, 1993), pg. 357; Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005), pg. 279; and The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text, 2nd ed., ed. Zane C. Hodges, Arthur L. Farstad, et al. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985), pg. 416.  For more on this textual issue, and also how it is handled by the translations see the “Whither Barnabas and Saul? To and/or Fro? Texts and Translations for Acts 12:25,

and “the least unsatisfactory decision”” (posted 8 APR 2014), on Wayside Gospel Chapel at http://waysidegospelchapel.blogspot.com/2014/04/whither-barnabas-and-saul-to-andor-fro.html [accessed 8 APR 2014].

[3] Rudyard Kipling, "Recessional" (1897).

[4] These sources on Herod are from a footnote in the sermon notes from 23 MAR 2014 posted on Wayside Gospel Chapel  at  http://waysidegospelchapel.blogspot.com/2014/03/pastors-sermon-notes-herod-attacks.html [accessed 8 APR 2014].